Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors driving recovery after a neurological injury?

• A. Reversal of edema
• B. Sleep is the primary driver
• C. Structured training
• D. Neuroplasticity

Answer: (B)

Recovery after neurological injury is driven by three interacting factors: reversing edema to restore a healthy tissue environment, structured training that provides repeated, goal-directed practice to induce use-dependent changes, and neuroplasticity—the brain’s ability to rewire and reorganize connections in response to training. Sleep supports overall healing and cognitive function, but it is not counted among these primary drivers. That’s why the statement about sleep being the main driver isn’t aligned with the core drivers: edema reversal sets the stage, structured training actively prompts neural reorganization, and neuroplasticity is the mechanism behind the recovery that training produces.